Seasonal Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Seasonal allergies are one of the most common nasal problems, typically appearing in spring and fall when pollen and allergens spread in the air. Many people in the Kingdom suffer from them, especially with climate changes and frequent sandstorms.

What Are Seasonal Allergies?

Seasonal allergies are an overreaction of the immune system to natural environmental substances like dust and pollen. When an affected person inhales these substances, their body releases histamine, which causes sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes.

Causes and Aggravating Factors

• ●Pollen from plants during spring season.
• ●Mold in damp or poorly ventilated areas.
• ●House dust and pet dander.
• ●In Saudi Arabia, sandstorms are among the most important factors that worsen symptoms.

Common Symptoms

• ●Frequent sneezing and nasal congestion.
• ●Itching in the nose, throat, or eyes.
• ●Runny nose and watery eyes.
• ●Fatigue and poor concentration.

In some cases, it may develop into allergic sinusitis or asthma attacks in those with allergic asthma.

Diagnosis

The doctor diagnoses seasonal allergies after taking medical history and clinical examination, and may request allergy tests such as:

• ●Skin Prick Test to identify the allergen.
• ●IgE blood test to measure antibody levels.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes:

• ●Antihistamines to reduce sneezing and itching.
• ●Corticosteroid nasal sprays to reduce inflammation and congestion.
• ●Saline nasal wash to help clean nasal passages.
• ●Immunotherapy (Desensitization), a long-term treatment that reduces the body's sensitivity to allergens, used in chronic cases.

Prevention and Lifestyle

• ●Close windows during sandstorms and dusty days.
• ●Use air purifiers indoors.
• ●Wash face and nose after being outside.
• ●Avoid drying clothes outdoors during dust season.
• ●Use masks on stormy days.

Impact of Allergies on Quality of Life

Untreated allergies can affect sleep, concentration, and mood, impacting daily performance, work, and studies. Good symptom control improves quality of life and reduces the need for continuous medication.

Conclusion

Seasonal allergies are not a serious disease, but they can be annoying and affect lifestyle. Early diagnosis and following an appropriate treatment and prevention plan help control them effectively. Since each patient is different, it is always recommended to consult a specialist to determine the most suitable treatment options for each case.